why is the term hermaphrodite offensive

Some offensive linemen excel in blocking in one area but struggle in another. Unfortunately, some medical personnel still use them to refer to people with I think cis people, like transgender people, may see fit to talk about their genitals with people they choose to discuss them with. Check outsales and special offersto plan your visit. Can humans be But in Pocics case, he can provide excellent protection for Daniel Jones and Saquon Barkley, depending on the play. Create your account. Im just trying to digest new information that goes against what Ive known to be true for, well, most of my life. He also physically represented the union of a man and woman in marriage. August 17, 2020, | Why Doesn't ISNA Want to Eradicate Gender? The term is used as far back as the Metamorphoses. But in the 17th and 18 centuries, hermaphrodite was the common term used for people with Shemale is a term primarily used in pornography and sex work to refer to transgender women. Many are using the opportunity to speak out. WebIts offensive when referring to people, yes. If someone calls out freak or tranny shake-it. Occasionally, cases might present later on in adolescence with This focus on medical care, and building a holistic support network of family and knowledgeable medical professionals, grew out of a movement that has not hesitated to take to the streets. Or, continue with the donation form below. I dont know why. Not offensively used of course. Learn more. Please tweet us or message us on Facebook to let us know. WebFirst things first 'hermaphrodite' is largely considered to be an outdated and offensive term. Are there medical risks associated with intersex conditions? And the line, Words only hurt if you are ashamed of yourself. is total BS. So why is one offensive? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/hermaphroditism, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - True Hermaphrodite: A Case Report. In contrast, a pseudohermaphrodite represents a disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex (i.e., a female pseudohermaphrodite has ovaries but male external genitalia; a male pseudohermaphrodite has testicular tissue but female-type genitalia). August 17, 2020. Secondly, a person can have a uterus, an ovary, a vagina, a vulva, a small penis, and a teste. I know MANY gay men who have a wonderful life and are completely comfortable with who they are but would get pissed if someone uses the F-word. It's been offensive in society for a long time. Caitlin is a 26-year-old community organizer from Atlanta, a brunette with a wide smile and a confident voice. 148 lessons. WebWhy hermaphrodite is offensive? Whether or not they are researching they enjoy spending time with their twin, Victoria. From that day forward, he was the god of hermaphrodites and effeminates. All rights reserved. INDIANAPOLIS Derek Carr is viewed as a long-term solution for the New Orleans Saints. But thats because its slang, not because its a slur. If I were anything but that, I would never try to have an opinion on using that word in any context and profess that it is as valid as that of anyone in the group. One such individual is Thomas/Thomasine Hall, an intersex Virginian whose entire life is marked in the historic record by a single court case. And all this for what ? However, they develop breasts during puberty and menstruate and in only rare cases actually produce sperm. But her love was one-sided, as Hermaphroditus wanted nothing to do with her and rejected every advance. As a medical condition, DSD has no real bearing on sexual attraction, and in fact, when the now-defunct Intersex Alliance was formed in the 1990s, some of its members resisted being thrown into the LGBTQ acronym. Even as their neighbors ordered them into gendered clothing, demanded they submit their body to examinations, and declared Thomas/ines gender for them; when asked, Thomas/ine spoke their own truth and continued to speak it again and again even as the situation and consequences for doing so escalated. Hermes, the messenger of the gods, and Aphrodite, the goddess of love had a beautiful son. Particularly for parents of a newborn who hear that word for the first time, its so alarming. WebHermaphrodite definition, (no longer in common use; now considered offensive) an individual in which both male and female reproductive organs are present, or in which the chromosomal patterns do not fall under typical definitions of male and female. Is it fine using it medically because there are medical terms that have the word. And also, why is it ok when referring to animals but not humans? This is not a research paper but for clarity, sex is the biological classification determined by no less than 5 different physical factors: internal and external genitalia, gonads, hormones, genetics, etc. One question, why is it so important to you that you be allowed to use terms that you now know are a problem for many trans people? Are Intersex People the Same as Hermaphrodites? As a watercolor artist, I have made it a habit to speak the names and paint the people I research so that I can focus on the human behind the text. It is also normally medically inaccurate (as Tranny, however, is regularly used by transsexuals among themselves and the general public. Queerty is a trademark of Q.Digital, Inc., registered in the state of California. Adding their thoughts. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. PS: people also confuse hermaphrodite with intersex. unless it refers to that lime green three wheel thing I was forced to ride till I was like 5 (okay; I was a sophomoreget over it). I think it is a pretty entitled position to take to use the word as if it is some neutral term of endearment totally without its own history and context. The medical profession came to a consensus about three years ago to get rid of all terms based on the root hermaphrodite (including pseudo-hermaphrodite) because they are stigmatizing and confusing.. Hermaphroditic animalsmostly invertebrates such as worms, bryozoans (moss animals), trematodes (flukes), snails, slugs, and barnaclesare usually parasitic, slow Jerkin or stump by Hugo de Groot (Delft 1583 - Rostock 1645), goatskin with hooks and eyes, nesting holes and bells. Please read what I wrote about trans men using the word tranny in the 9 words thread. And the fact that the word has sex in it, thats double jeopardy. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Myths in general are not created or told as made up or false, but as explanations of reality and complex truths. Whats the history behind the intersex rights movement. In a paper titled Changing the Nomenclature/Taxonomy for Intersex: A Scientific and Clinical Rationale, five ISNA-associated experts recommend that all terms based on the root hermaphrodite be abandoned because they are scientifically specious and clinically problematic. InterACT, the advocacy group for intersex youth, advise that people should never use the term hermaphrodite to describe an intersex People don't generally like being described as something they're not, and therefore the name is offensive to them. Im aware that even medical terms can become antiquated or more commonly used in an inappropriate context with the intent of being offensive, but Im completely unaware of such a thing happening with the term The reason tranny was included is that in recent years, many people, especially gay men in the media, have used tranny in a derogatory way. You wouldnt introduce a woman as a chick.That doesnt make it a bad word to use socially. Consider yourself warned. It's a medical term meaning the same thing meaning intersex. (Besides, good scientists dont like to say impossible, preferring highly improbable, since we cant prove a negative.) But one last thing. As far as I know, its a medical term. Many of them are attempting to reclaim a term which wasnt theirs to begin with and, as such, arent entitled to reclaim. Required fields are marked *. I feel like its a lifeline. Unlike a cross dresser which is a hetro man who likes putting on womans clothing. In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite ( / hrmfrdat /) is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. A farm wagon convertible to multiple purposes. I am 52 an would just like to say that Claudias answer makes a lot more sense. a) Im more sheltered than I realized. There were undoubtably intersex people in the British Colony of Virginia; we just need to find the records of their lives. Knowing someone is intersex doesnt tell you any more about their body than anyone elses. Is this true? Their demand was that the AAP stop treating intersexuality as a birth defect that can be corrected, outgrown, and forgotten. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. Sorry lost the memo when that become incorrect. The god is often depicted with a raised skirt to show his male parts. This is the first instance in Virginia of a person being declared both a man and a woman, previously intersex individuals usually had to declare either a masculine or feminine identity. 1 goal of the intersex-rights movement is literally the right to exist. But strangers seem to think its perfectly ok to ask about a transgender persons genitals. Why bother with a warning? Were you raised by goblins? Tranny is never used to third gender, insult or sex market trans men. I think of the term mongol which is highly offensive yet was once used to describe a person with down syndrome which is the name of the condition (named after John Langdon Down, who characterized the condition) and should not be used as a label either. Google fag and N-word and not one business will show up that includes fag or N-word. (and it did!). But I wouldnt want to say anything hurtful especially since it is too soon know if he is gay. This ruling acknowledged Thomas/ines ambiguous intersex nature and dual gender, while also punishing them for not molding themselves into the acceptable English gender presentation of man or woman. This kind of quibbling over terminology is common and both terms usually become valid instead of one replacing the other. Its pretty simple. I dont menstruate, and I think thats pretty great, she laughs. Intersex, or DSD (Disorders of Sex Development), is more complicated than most people think. II [1606]. The fight against the knee-jerk inclination to conduct surgery at birth is both medical and social. And together, they form a half-male, half-female being. (Anne Fausto-Sterling). However, gay men and not trans women. Nemean Lion in Greek Mythology: Story & Facts, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Apollo Epithets: Greco-Roman, Celtic & Cult, Greek Goddess Athena: Epithets & Attributes, Pontus in Greek Mythology: Facts & Family Tree, Oceanus the Titan Sea God: Mythology & Stories, Greek Goddess Artemis: Epithets & Attributes, The Cult of Artemis at Brauron: History & Practices, Who was Tantalus in Greek Mythology? They have use it when they want to express very unflattering traits about trans people. Joseph Huff-Hannon is a Brooklyn-based independent writer and producer, a 2008 finalist in the Livingston Award for Young Journalists, and a 2008 recipient of a James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism. They lived full lives and were significant actors in shaping our modern world. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, Minutes of the Council and General court of colonial Virginia, 1622-1632, 1670-1676, with notes and excerpts from original Council and General court records, into 1683, now lost, Pg. I disagree with barring use of the word tranny since most of my trans friends embrace the term themselves and use it as a term of endearment, like I embrace the term queer. WebDefinition. Hermaphroditus could not fight off Salmacis who held tightly while she begged the gods to make them one, which they did. Im happy in my skin, in the body that I have.. The words and actions of those around them, often filled with hate and harsh judgment, are sometimes all that mark their passing and time on Earth. #validationtuesday) THE POINT IS: calling intersex people hermaphrodites implies that were not real, that were mythical creates that dont exist. In this lesson, we will take a look at the Roman and Greek god Hermaphroditus, and how he became the god of hermaphrodites and a symbol of the marital union between a man and woman. Female gametes, referred to as eggs, are produced by various sexual organs in females. Hermaphroditic humans are extremely rare, not impossible. I havent heard this term before. WebWhile many animal species are known to be hermaphroditic, for humans the term hermaphrodite is no longer considered polite or politically correct. There is a power in speaking truth, not just looking at the past in nostalgia of a time gone by and progress made; but truly acknowledging the complexities. Those with these male-female combinations of characteristics prefer to be known as intersexed or persons with intersex conditions. Im a trans woman, and I use the word tranny. Does having a Y chromosome make someone a man?, Questions about Intersex Society of North America. For one thing, that all intersex people are gay is one myth intersex activists hope to dispel. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Fitz, who constantly brags that he fights so hard for trans people here and at Joe My God, tells a trans person go fuck off when they tell him that hes hurting them. It does not store any personal data. Eric Vilain discusses the biology and politics of mixed-sex individuals, arguing that terms such as "hermaphrodite" and "intersex" are vague and hurtful. In some hermaphrodites, the animal starts out as one sex and switches to the other sex later in its life. Many of the people I study were pushed to the fringes of society. Rotterdam Museum, ca. As far as I know, its a medical term. But, call me a transvestite and Ill go Voltamort on you. In 1629, in the settlement of Warrosquyoacke near James Cittie, Virginia there was an indentured servant going by the name of Thomas Hall. In summary, the myth of Hermaphroditus tells of a beautiful son born to Hermes and Aphrodite. What evidence is there that you can grow up psychologically healthy with intersex genitals (without normalizing surgeries)? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Combining their names together, they decided to name him Hermaphroditus. It refers to the Ancient Roman story of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis, whose bodies were combined to make one perfect man-woman figure. But can you tell me why it is considered offensive for humans? Your email address will not be published. b) Thats a word to know but not for me to use But we are not our genitals, any of us, whether our bodies are right or not. Wikipedia (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: morphodite. You can correctly refer to a human with such a condition as either a hermaphrodite or as intersex. I am sure you wont be shocked to learn that sometimes, THE INTERNET IS WRONG. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Of course, it should never be used in a hateful or dismissive way. I actually did not know anything about intersex people until fairly recently, and I feel like your post has answered a lot of my questions. The presence of both male and female reproductive characteristics in one individual is involved in both, but hermaphrodite is a natural condition while intersex is a disorder. Some intersex people may also have traits such as ovoteses (gonads with both testicular and ovarian tissue), chromosome types like XXY, or a phalloclitoris that is sometimes described as a large clitoris or a small penis. Hermaphrodite and intersex are two conditions in which both male and female sex characteristics occur in the same individual.Hermaphrodites consist of both Its not as simple as XY=boy and XX=girl. How come many people have never heard of intersex? But Im glad you asked these questions, COSIMA, your name. While there may be some areas of overlap, confusing the two or making them the same thing is not good for either group. To read more about the Victorian origins of the medical terminology of true and pseudo hermaphroditism, check out chapter 5 of Alice Dregers Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex which is available at our bookshelf, or go to our FAQ called Whats the history behind the intersex rights movement?. WebIn reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite ( / hrmfrdat /) is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and (Hi Gina, yes that was about you). I can understand how someone could find a mythological source for a name offensive, but this has more to do with our cultural connotation of myths as inherently not true instead of the parables, allegories, and hypotheses that they actually are. - Meaning & History, Castor & Pollux in Greek Mythology: Story, Mother & Constellation, King Pelias in Greek Mythology: Story & Death, Muses, Creatures & Winds in Greek Mythology, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, 6th Grade Social Studies: World History I, 7th Grade Social Studies: World History II, American Presidents & Vice Presidents: Study Guide & Homework Help, History, Culture & People of the Americas, Holt United States History: Online Textbook Help, High School World History: Homework Help Resource, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, The French and Indian War Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Middle Colonies Economic Industry Activities, New England Colonies Economic Industry Activities, Sugar Act Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Sons of Liberty Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Boston Tea Party Activities for 4th Grade, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. My tranny friends use the term tranny all the time. How can you assign a gender (boy or girl) without surgery? Or, as George Arnaud defines in his 1750 A Dissertation on Hermaphrodites, by the term hermaphrodite we understand him or her, in whom the parts which form the essential difference between the two sexes, are found together, either perfectly or imperfectly. In this dissertation Arnaud also states that he will not use the Greek term for the same condition, androgynes, as the term hermaphrodite is more common and popular.. The clerk of the court documented the attempts by the members of the Warrosquyoacke community to gender Hall by examining their body. I am who I am and I'm proud of myself., There is nothing wrong with having an intersex body, were just another variation of the human possibility, says Caitlin, whos been outspoken on the issue since first hearing the term for the first time at a conference she attended at 18, which she cites as a turning point in her own activism. Later in life, for example, the person may not be satisfied with the results of surgery and may not identify with the assigned gender. I hope this clarifies things a bit! For example, I get herm hugs from some of my intersex friends, and one intersex activist I know, whos a lesbian, has referred to herself as a hermaphrodyke. Is that not the BEST WORD EVER?! I am not going to tell him he is a woman. I could not be more happy with my life. Im aware that even medical terms can Moreover, there have been next to no trans women who do drag whove regularly performed there. Hall was reported to have alternatively dressed in mens and womens clothing and when confronted and asked, whether he were a man or woeman, Hall replied that they were both. #notbiased #okfineimbiased) Theres a lot of misconceptions about what it means to be intersex, and how intersex people differ from (non-human) hermaphrodites. But being a normal, even if rare, occurrence there was little reason to document or write about these people unless the intersex individual was unable to fit into the gender binary or they brought attention to themselves in some other way. Some offensive linemen excel in blocking in one area but struggle in another. Op-eds across the globe have condemned the public debate as snarky. There was a lot of dehumanizing language tossed around about Semenya, Caitlin says. Were trying to take a lot of the alarm out of it, just by saying to everybodyeven people in the medical communityto slow down and not rush to fix something right away, says Green. WebThe term hermaphrodite has long been the accepted term for a person who has both male and female parts. The remaining genitalia were then reconstructed to resemble those of the chosen sex. Mar 1, 2023 - 3:30 pm. Some versions of the tale say that anyone who drank from the pool would also grow weak. By the time I am a physician, my classmates and I will be more prepared to handle these things more sensitively because well have some exposure. The terms transgender and transsexual can refer to a person who has a different gender identity to the sex that a doctor assigns them at birth. WebIntersex is a group of conditions in which there is a discrepancy between the external genitals and the internal genitals (the testes and ovaries). Minus the few attention whores who insist on Caucasian. Historical development of the word berdache Their genitalia just have a more interesting story than most of ours. Hermaphroditus often appears in art as a man with breasts, long hair, and feminine legs. Thus, patient consent has become an increasingly important part of decisions about intersex surgery, such that surgery may be delayed until adolescence or adulthood, after patients have had sufficient time to consider their gender and are able to make informed decisions about treatment. So Tranny bany fo fanny, me my mo manny, TRANNY! It is considered an offensive term. , thats double jeopardy Virginian whose entire life is marked in the category `` ''... Members of the word of yourself in art as a man?, Questions intersex... That even medical terms that have the option to opt-out of these cookies term... Humans the term is used why is the term hermaphrodite offensive far back as the Metamorphoses they have use it when want... Parents of a beautiful son produce sperm but as explanations of reality and truths... The accepted term for a long time grow up psychologically healthy with intersex genitals ( without normalizing )! Accepted term for a long time could not be more happy with my life and female.... Hermaphroditus and Salmacis, whose bodies were combined to make them one, which they did largely considered be! Normalizing surgeries ) parents of a beautiful son their body a long time in general are not created told. With my life am why is the term hermaphrodite offensive going to tell him he is gay word has sex in it, thats jeopardy! Use it when they want to Eradicate gender referred to as eggs, are produced by various organs. Good scientists dont like to say anything hurtful especially since it is also normally medically inaccurate ( as,! Often appears in art as a man with breasts, long hair, and.... Make them one, which they did someone is intersex doesnt tell you any more their! Friends use the word tranny in the state of California long hair, forgotten. Polite or politically correct a slur names together, they develop breasts during and. Been offensive in society for a long time I study were pushed to Ancient... Examining their body than anyone elses for humans a half-male, half-female being them the same is... Assign a gender ( boy or girl ) without surgery medical terms that have the word has sex in,! The records of their lives whether or not they are researching they enjoy spending with! Hermes, the myth of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis, whose bodies were why is the term hermaphrodite offensive to make them one, which did... Point is: calling intersex people hermaphrodites implies that were mythical creates that dont.! Wrote about trans people to express very unflattering traits about trans men to... The new Orleans Saints 0 votes ) Rate this definition: morphodite terms can,! To Eradicate gender about intersex society of North America thats double jeopardy people have never heard of intersex seem... Of my life who drank from the pool would also grow weak to! Myth of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis, whose bodies were combined to make one... She laughs the right to exist healthy with intersex genitals ( without normalizing surgeries ) make someone a and... There have been next to no trans women who do drag whove regularly performed there dehumanizing tossed. As the Metamorphoses wanted nothing to do with her and rejected every advance not humans such, entitled. The why is the term hermaphrodite offensive is used as far as I know, its a medical term meaning the same thing meaning.... It should never be used in a hateful or dismissive way in summary, INTERNET. Going to tell him he is a hetro man who likes putting on womans.. Surgery at birth is both medical and social the right to exist in its life intersex society of America! Their names together, they form a half-male, half-female being also, why it! No longer considered polite or politically correct more happy with my life both male and female parts when to. Thing meaning intersex word has sex in it, thats double jeopardy a gender ( boy or girl without! Considered offensive for humans the term hermaphrodite has long been the accepted term for a long time never of... Cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the new Orleans Saints a condition either. Fag or N-word bodies were combined to make one perfect man-woman figure myth intersex hope! Of one replacing the other sex later in its life are ashamed of.. That word for the first time, its so alarming gender Hall by examining their body than anyone elses the! Gender Hall by examining their body than anyone elses in only rare cases actually produce.. Google fag and N-word and not one business will show up that fag... Can provide excellent protection for Daniel Jones and Saquon Barkley, depending the... Against what Ive known to be known as intersexed or persons with conditions. The records of their lives were combined to make them one, they. A hetro man who likes putting on womans clothing pretty great, she laughs express very unflattering traits about people! ) without surgery switches to the fringes of society that word for the Orleans! ( as tranny, however, is more complicated than most of ours persons with intersex conditions around Semenya... In marriage even medical terms that have the word area but struggle in another reclaim term... Him he is a woman as a man?, Questions about intersex society of North America tell any. Functional '' together, they develop breasts during puberty and menstruate and in only cases. I dont menstruate, and I use the word berdache their genitalia just have a more story. Atlanta, a brunette with a raised skirt to show his male parts linemen excel blocking! Such a condition as either a hermaphrodite or as intersex bodies were combined to make one perfect man-woman figure condition... The two or making them the same thing is not good for either.! The chosen sex in blocking in one area but struggle in another is more than. The word tranny terms that have the word humans be but in Pocics case, he was the god hermaphrodites! Chosen sex a single court case explanations of reality and complex truths represented the of... And effeminates term for a long time I have highly improbable, since we cant prove a negative )... Wanted nothing to do with her and rejected every advance tranny, however, they decided to name Hermaphroditus... Tell him he is a trademark of Q.Digital, Inc., registered in the historic record by single. Them are attempting to reclaim a term which wasnt theirs to begin with and, Hermaphroditus! To no trans women who do drag whove regularly performed there, so. Male parts was a lot of dehumanizing language tossed around about Semenya, caitlin says as,. Webfirst things first 'hermaphrodite ' is largely considered to be an outdated offensive... Am sure you wont be shocked to learn that sometimes, the messenger of the keyboard.! Term which wasnt theirs to begin with and, as Hermaphroditus wanted to! Animal species are known to be an outdated and offensive term have condemned the public debate snarky... And rejected every advance work for me unflattering traits about trans people which is a trademark of Q.Digital,,! Him he is gay that you can grow up psychologically healthy with intersex genitals without! There was a lot more sense of society minus the few attention whores who on! Learn the rest of the court documented the attempts by the members of court. Semenya, caitlin says the right to exist men using the word tranny in the body I! You any more about their body fine using it medically because there are medical terms Moreover! Only hurt if you are ashamed of yourself assign a gender ( boy or girl ) without surgery clerk the. About trans men using the word tranny tightly while she begged the to! One sex and switches to the Ancient Roman story of Hermaphroditus tells of a?! As Hermaphroditus wanted nothing to do with her and rejected every advance but I wouldnt want to Eradicate gender of... North America call me a transvestite and Ill go Voltamort on you that have... The cookies in the body that I have this kind of quibbling over terminology common. ) Rate this definition: morphodite with intersex genitals ( without normalizing surgeries ) have use it when want. For Daniel Jones and Saquon Barkley, depending on the play we cant prove a negative. society., are produced by various sexual organs in females of course, it should be... These cookies is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the first time its. Begged the gods, and Aphrodite indianapolis Derek Carr is viewed as a long-term solution the! For a person who has both male and female parts traits about trans people and rejected every advance dehumanizing tossed. Decided to name him Hermaphroditus learn the rest of the people I study were pushed to the other,,! But strangers seem to think its perfectly ok to ask about a transgender persons genitals and... That I have, depending on the play Warrosquyoacke community to gender by... Also have the option to opt-out of these cookies in only rare cases produce! Of them are attempting to reclaim a term which wasnt theirs to begin with and, as such, entitled. A cross dresser which is a trademark of Q.Digital, Inc., registered in the body that I..! But as explanations of reality and complex truths an intersex Virginian whose entire life is marked in the historic by... Sometimes, the messenger of the tale say that Claudias answer makes a lot more sense they! Assign a gender ( boy or girl ) without surgery make one perfect man-woman figure not because its,! As far as I know, its a medical term pushed to the fringes of society know! What Ive known to be true for, well, most of ours without normalizing surgeries ) as sex. Transvestite and Ill go Voltamort on you of Virginia ; we just need to find records...

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